Instead of focusing on actions, shame targets the self- leading people to feel they are inherently flawed or unworthy. This is often without any particular actions to cause it. For example, rather than thinking, "I made a mistake," a person might think, "I am a failure." This internalized belief can be paralyzing, trapping individuals in a cycle of self-blame and self-criticism that damages self-esteem and increases vulnerability to anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions.

Shame is an emotion that arises from a perception of being fundamentally flawed or unworthy. It’s a feeling that can affect one's entire sense of self.